The peacock is a large galliform bird belonging to the Phasianidae family. It is notable for its remarkable sexual dimorphism: the male has iridescent metallic blue plumage on the neck and head, and a spectacular extension of the supracaudal feathers, commonly called the "tail," which can exceed 1,5 m and is decorated with light-reflecting ocelli. These feathers do not serve a flight function, but are essential in sexual selection. The female (peahen) is more discreet, with brown, white, and dull green plumage. Both sexes have a crest on their heads and strong legs adapted for walking and running. They are terrestrial birds, although they can fly short distances and perch in trees to rest. Their omnivorous digestive system is adapted to a varied diet. In the wild, they live in habitats with abundant vegetation cover and near water sources, from tropical rainforests to open agricultural areas.

Peacocks are social birds that typically live in small groups consisting of a dominant male and several females. During the breeding season, males establish display territories where they perform elaborate dances and tail displays, accompanied by strident vocalizations to attract females. They are diurnal and crepuscular; they feed early and late in the day and rest during the hottest hours. At night, they take refuge in high branches to avoid predators. They communicate through loud calls, especially the males, who emit piercing calls as part of courtship or to alert the group. Dust bathing, dominance gestures with their crests, and intimidating body postures are also observed. Outside the breeding season, females may form stable groups with their young, while young males roam alone or in small non-breeding groups.

The peafowl is currently listed as a species of "Least Concern" by the IUCN, with a large and stable global population. It is the national bird of India, where it is protected by law, and has also been introduced to numerous countries for its ornamental value. Despite its breeding success in the wild and in captivity, it faces localized threats, such as poaching for its feathers or meat, and the loss of natural habitats due to agricultural expansion or urbanization. In some regions, pesticides and roadkill also affect its survival. It is not listed in endangered breeding programs, but it is listed on CITES Appendix III in India, which requires monitoring of international trade. Its breeding is common in zoos, reserves, historic gardens, and parks, which has favored its global spread. In some feral countries, it may have an impact on local fauna.